{"id":13485,"date":"2023-10-05T20:34:55","date_gmt":"2023-10-05T20:34:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ro.cvot.md\/coloana-vertebrala\/"},"modified":"2023-10-05T20:34:55","modified_gmt":"2023-10-05T20:34:55","slug":"coloana-vertebrala","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ro.cvot.md\/en\/coloana-vertebrala\/","title":{"rendered":"Coloana vertebral\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

O coloan\u0103 vertebral\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 o postur\u0103 corect\u0103, mers energic \u0219i organe s\u0103n\u0103toase. \u0218i nervii, de asemenea. Deoarece coloana protejeaz\u0103 m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii \u2013 o parte esen\u021bial\u0103 a sistemului nervos. Aceast\u0103 structur\u0103 unic\u0103 de inginerie \u00eendepline\u0219te o serie larg\u0103 de func\u021bii \u0219i suport\u0103 diferite tipuri de sarcini.
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Coloana vertebral\u0103 este alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din 32-33 de oase numite vertebre, aranjate consecutiv \u0219i separate prin pernu\u021be cartilaginoase, sau discuri. Integritatea structurii este asigurat\u0103 de ligamente puternice \u0219i conexiuni intervertebrale, ceea ce o face robust\u0103, dar \u00een acela\u0219i timp foarte flexibil\u0103. Totu\u0219i, aceast\u0103 parte a scheletului este cea mai vulnerabil\u0103 \u0219i deseori este sursa durerilor de diverse tipuri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen medicina modern\u0103, se schimb\u0103 priorit\u0103\u021bile: scopul medicilor nu este doar s\u0103 prelungeasc\u0103 via\u021ba, ci \u0219i s\u0103-i \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021beasc\u0103 calitatea. Bolile coloanei vertebrale sunt printre cele mai r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite afec\u021biuni care influen\u021beaz\u0103 \u00een mod semnificativ s\u0103n\u0103tatea omului.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen \u021b\u0103rile dezvoltate, 1-2% din popula\u021bie \u00ee\u0219i pierd capacitatea de munc\u0103 din cauza durerilor de spate. Adesea, bolile coloanei vertebrale \u0219i ale articula\u021biilor duc la disfunc\u021bii ale organelor interne. Nu a\u0219tepta\u021bi p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd coloana va semnala dureri serioase, programa\u021bi-v\u0103 la Clinica de Vertebrologie, Ortopedie \u0219i Traumatologie!
Re\u021bine\u021bi: coloana vertebral\u0103 \u0219i organele interne sunt str\u00e2ns legate!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toate organele interne sunt conectate la coloan\u0103 printr-un num\u0103r mare de termina\u021bii nervoase. O reducere imperceptibil\u0103 a impulsului nervos c\u0103tre un organ, cauzat\u0103 de compresia sau blocajul unei vertebre cu mobilitate redus\u0103, provoac\u0103 mici deregl\u0103ri \u00een func\u021bionarea acelui organ. La \u00eenceput acestea nu se observ\u0103, dar problema se agraveaz\u0103 \u00een timp. Iar invers, dac\u0103 un organ intern se \u00eemboln\u0103ve\u0219te, impulsurile de la vertebra responsabil\u0103 pentru acel organ transmit semnale dureroase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tot mai mul\u021bi speciali\u0219ti din diverse ramuri medicale acord\u0103 aten\u021bie factorului vertebrogen (legat de coloan\u0103) \u00een dezvoltarea \u0219i evolu\u021bia patologiilor lor. Cel mai frecvent, aceast\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103 se observ\u0103 \u00een cardiologie, gastroenterologie, ginecologie, proctologie \u0219.a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sec\u021biunea cervical\u0103 (C1\u2013C7)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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  • C1: dureri de cap, nervozitate, tensiune arterial\u0103 crescut\u0103, migrene, probleme cu somnul<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • C2: boli oculare, alergii, pierderea auzului, le\u0219inuri<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • C3: nevralgii, neurite, acnee<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • C4: tulbur\u0103ri de auz, adenoizi m\u0103ri\u021bi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • C5: dureri \u00een g\u00e2t, angin\u0103, laringit\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • C6: dureri de g\u00e2t, umeri, ceaf\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • C7: hipotiroidism, restric\u021bii de mi\u0219care \u00een umeri \u0219i coate<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Sec\u021biunea toracic\u0103 (T1\u2013T12)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • T1: astm, tuse, dureri \u00een m\u00e2ini \u0219i palme<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • T2: aritmii, dureri \u00een zona sternului, boal\u0103 ischemic\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • T3: bron\u0219ite, astm, pleurezie, pneumonie<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • T4: calculi biliari, icter, tulbur\u0103ri \u00een absorb\u021bia gr\u0103similor<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • T5: tulbur\u0103ri hepatice, icter, probleme de coagulare a s\u00e2ngelui<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • T6: gastrite, ulcere, tulbur\u0103ri digestive<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • T7: diabet, ulcere, tulbur\u0103ri digestive \u0219i auditive<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • T8: tulbur\u0103ri digestive, sughi\u021b, dificult\u0103\u021bi respiratorii<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • T9: reac\u021bii alergice, sl\u0103biciune a sistemului imunitar<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • T10: boli renale, oboseal\u0103, sl\u0103biciune<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • T11: tulbur\u0103ri urinare, boli cronice renale<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • T12: tulbur\u0103ri digestive, boli ale organelor genitale feminine, infertilitate<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Sec\u021biunea lombar\u0103 (L1\u2013L5)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • L1: hernii, constipa\u021bie, colit\u0103, diaree<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • L2: apendicit\u0103, colici intestinale, dureri \u00een \u0219old \u0219i inghinal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • L3: tulbur\u0103ri ale vezicii urinare, impoten\u021b\u0103, dureri de genunchi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • L4: dureri \u00een gambe, picioare, sciatic\u0103, lumbago, tulbur\u0103ri urinare<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • L5: edeme, dureri \u00een glezne, platfus<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Sacru: dureri \u00een zona sacrului<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Coccis: hemoroizi, tulbur\u0103ri ale func\u021biei organelor pelvine<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        Cauza oric\u0103rei patologii vertebrale este distribu\u021bia incorect\u0103 a sarcinii pe structurile de sus\u021binere!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Cauze ale suprasolicit\u0103rii structurilor de sus\u021binere:<\/strong>
        \u2714 Modific\u0103ri ale formei corpilor vertebrali, congenitale sau posttraumatice.
        \u2714 Modific\u0103ri distructive cauzate de osteoporoz\u0103, osteomielit\u0103, tuberculoz\u0103, cancer \u0219i alte procese ce scad rezisten\u021ba vertebrelor.
        \u2714 Anomalii ce perturb\u0103 biomecanica mi\u0219c\u0103rilor coloanei \u0219i altereaz\u0103 curburile fiziologice.
        \u2714 Degenerarea discurilor intervertebrale, ce scade capacitatea lor de amortizare.
        \u2714 Sl\u0103birea \u201ecorsetului muscular\u201d. Sc\u0103derea tonusului muscular \u00een zone mobile, precum g\u00e2tul \u0219i zona lombar\u0103, creeaz\u0103 condi\u021bii pentru microtraumatisme ale discurilor \u0219i ligamentelor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Afec\u021biuni ale coloanei vertebrale<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

        Tulburarea posturii<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Postura este determinat\u0103 de curburile fiziologice ale coloanei, pozi\u021bia capului fa\u021b\u0103 de trunchi, pozi\u021bia pelvisului, lungimea membrelor inferioare \u0219i pozi\u021bia picioarelor. Tulburarea posturii \u00een sine nu este o boal\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 pozi\u021bia incorect\u0103 a coloanei poate cauza o serie de afec\u021biuni grave ale coloanei \u0219i ale r\u0103d\u0103cinilor m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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        Scolioza<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Scolioza este o deformare tridimensional\u0103 a coloanei, caracterizat\u0103 prin torsiunea vertebrelor unele fa\u021b\u0103 de altele, urmat\u0103 de formarea coco\u0219ului costal. Aceasta modific\u0103 pozi\u021bia organelor din cutia toracic\u0103 \u0219i afecteaz\u0103 sistemele musculo-scheletic, respirator, nervos \u0219i cardiovascular. \u00cen cazuri grave, este afectat\u0103 m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Scoliozele toracice \u0219i lombare sunt cele mai frecvente. Asimetria corpului se observ\u0103 clar de la spate: curbura este de obicei spre dreapta, iar pozi\u021bia asimetric\u0103 a spatelui \u0219i corpului este evident\u0103. Tulburarea posturii modific\u0103 profilul lateral al spatelui.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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        Cifoza<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Cifoza este o afec\u021biune caracterizat\u0103 prin curbura coloanei \u00een form\u0103 de \u201eC\u201d. Pe spate apare o cocoa\u0219\u0103, care stric\u0103 postura \u0219i provoac\u0103 dureri. Cei mai afecta\u021bi sunt copiii cu probleme congenitale ale coloanei \u0219i femeile \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 cu osteoporoz\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Umerii pacientului sunt \u00eenclina\u021bi \u00eenainte \u0219i \u00een jos, cutia toracic\u0103 este \u00eengustat\u0103. Diafragma (mu\u0219chiul principal al respira\u021biei) este cobor\u00e2t\u0103, mu\u0219chii abdominali sl\u0103bi\u021bi, iar trunchiul este aplecat \u00eenainte. Aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 poate duce la deformarea \u00een form\u0103 de pan\u0103 a vertebrelor \u0219i distrugerea discurilor intervertebrale. Mu\u0219chii spatelui sunt \u00eentin\u0219i, iar func\u021bia mu\u0219chilor care formeaz\u0103 peretele abdominal anterior este perturbat\u0103. Patologiile toracice duc la sc\u0103derea mobilit\u0103\u021bii coastelor, iar func\u021bia respiratorie a pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor este limitat\u0103.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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        Lordoza<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Lordoza este o curb\u0103 a coloanei \u00een plan sagital, cu convexitatea spre \u00eenainte. Cauzele sunt disloc\u0103rile articula\u021biilor \u0219oldului, deoarece pozi\u021bia vertical\u0103 a corpului deplaseaz\u0103 centrul de greutate \u00een fa\u021b\u0103, iar trunchiul se arcuie\u0219te la nivel lombar pentru a men\u021bine echilibrul. Alt\u0103 cauz\u0103 este excesul ponderal, mai ales depunerile grase abdominale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u00cen postura lordotic\u0103, capul este \u00eempins \u00eenainte, cutia toracic\u0103 este plat\u0103, abdomenul proeminent, umerii \u00eenainte, iar picioarele dep\u0103rtate la nivelul genunchilor. Aceasta cauzeaz\u0103 suprasolicitarea coloanei, \u00eentinderea mu\u0219chilor \u0219i ligamentelor, cu dureri \u0219i limitarea mobilit\u0103\u021bii. De asemenea, afecteaz\u0103 func\u021bia inimii, pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor \u0219i a tractului digestiv. Pacien\u021bii cu lordoz\u0103 prezint\u0103 tulbur\u0103ri metabolice, stare general\u0103 proast\u0103 \u0219i oboseal\u0103 rapid\u0103.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

        Osteocondroza<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Osteocondroza reprezint\u0103 procese degenerativ-distrofice \u00een \u021besutul cartilaginos al vertebrelor, inclusiv discurile intervertebrale \u0219i aparatul ligamentar. Se manifest\u0103 \u00een sec\u021biunile cervical\u0103, toracic\u0103 \u0219i lombar\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Hernia de disc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Apare prin protruzia discului intervertebral, care comprim\u0103 termina\u021biile nervoase \u0219i r\u0103d\u0103cinile m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii. R\u0103d\u0103cina nervoas\u0103 afectat\u0103 transmite creierului impulsuri dureroase localizate \u00een zona deservit\u0103 de acel nerv. Hernia care p\u0103trunde \u00een canalul spinal comprim\u0103 m\u0103duva, duc\u00e2nd la amor\u021beli, pareze \u0219i paralizii, cu riscul de invaliditate. \u00cen majoritatea cazurilor, hernia de disc este o complica\u021bie a osteocondrozei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Simptomele depind de localizarea herniei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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        \"\u0413\u0420\u0423\u0414\u041d\u041e\u0419<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        Sec\u021biunea toracic\u0103<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Durere \u00een coloan\u0103 la inspira\u021bie \u0219i expira\u021bie, \u00een zona inimii, la aplec\u0103ri, fluctua\u021bii ale tensiunii arteriale.
        <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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        Sec\u021biunea cervical\u0103<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Durere la nivelul g\u00e2tului, care iradiaz\u0103 \u00een omoplat sau bra\u021b, dureri de cap frecvente, ame\u021beli, tulbur\u0103ri de vedere \u0219i auz, r\u0103gu\u0219eal\u0103, sfor\u0103it, sc\u0103derea sensibilit\u0103\u021bii pielii \u0219i mu\u0219chilor fe\u021bei \u0219i bra\u021belor.
        <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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        Sec\u021biunea lombar\u0103<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Durere surd\u0103 \u0219i ascu\u021bit\u0103 \u00een zona lombar\u0103, amor\u021beal\u0103, tulbur\u0103ri ale transpira\u021biei, senza\u021bie de frig \u00een picioare, incontinen\u021b\u0103 sau reten\u021bie urinar\u0103, constipa\u021bie, diaree, disfunc\u021bii erectile la b\u0103rba\u021bi, tulbur\u0103ri ale ciclului menstrual la femei.
        <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

        Spondiloz\u0103 \u0219i spondiloartroz\u0103<\/strong>
        <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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        \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

        La progresia osteocondrozei apar modific\u0103ri ireversibile \u0219i la nivelul vertebrelor: excrescen\u021be osoase marginale \u2014 osteofite, care pot fuziona vertebrele adiacente, boal\u0103 numit\u0103 spondiloz\u0103. Dac\u0103 osteofitele afecteaz\u0103 aparatul ligamentar \u0219i articula\u021biile intervertebrale, apare spondiloartroza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Spondilolistez\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Spondilolisteza este \u201ealunecarea\u201d unei vertebre \u00eenainte sau \u00eenapoi fa\u021b\u0103 de vertebra inferioar\u0103. Discul intervertebral se \u00eentinde sub presiunea sarcinilor, favoriz\u00e2nd alunecarea vertebrei superioare. Se \u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219te frecvent \u00een zona lombar\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Osteoporoz\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Osteoporoza este o boal\u0103 caracterizat\u0103 prin sc\u0103derea densit\u0103\u021bii \u021besutului osos, ceea ce cre\u0219te fragilitatea oaselor \u0219i riscul de fracturi. Cauzele principale sunt deficitul de calciu \u0219i tulbur\u0103rile hormonale. Sunt predispuse persoanele sedentare, fum\u0103toarele \u0219i consumatorii de alcool.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Radiculit\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Radiculita (sindromul r\u0103d\u0103cinii nervoase) este o afec\u021biune a sistemului nervos periferic, cauzat\u0103 de comprimarea r\u0103d\u0103cinilor m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii sau a nervilor pe orice nivel. Cauza cea mai frecvent\u0103 este osteocondroza, care face discurile intervertebrale rigide \u0219i comprim\u0103 r\u0103d\u0103cinile nervoase. \u00cen locurile de leg\u0103tur\u0103 a vertebrelor cu discurile modificate se depun s\u0103ruri. Aceste excrescen\u021be apas\u0103 pe r\u0103d\u0103cini, cauz\u00e2nd durere. Exist\u0103 radiculite cervicale superioare, cervicobrachiale, toracice \u0219i lombosacrate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Dac\u0103 disconfortul de spate devine regulat, cel mai bine este s\u0103 consulta\u021bi un medic. Diagnosticul precoce, cu ajutorul testelor, radiografiilor, CT \u0219i RMN, va ajuta la stabilirea corect\u0103 a cauzei \u0219i la alegerea tratamentului optim.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        O coloan\u0103 vertebral\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 o postur\u0103 corect\u0103, mers energic \u0219i organe s\u0103n\u0103toase. \u0218i nervii, de asemenea. Deoarece coloana protejeaz\u0103 m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii \u2013 o parte esen\u021bial\u0103 a sistemului nervos. Aceast\u0103 structur\u0103 unic\u0103 de inginerie \u00eendepline\u0219te o serie larg\u0103 de func\u021bii \u0219i suport\u0103 diferite tipuri de sarcini. Coloana vertebral\u0103 este alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din 32-33 de oase numite […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13486,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-13485","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nColoana vertebral\u0103 - Asocia\u0163ia Ob\u015fteasc\u0103 ''HEALTHY SPINE''<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ro.cvot.md\/en\/coloana-vertebrala\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Coloana vertebral\u0103 - Asocia\u0163ia Ob\u015fteasc\u0103 ''HEALTHY SPINE''\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"O coloan\u0103 vertebral\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 o postur\u0103 corect\u0103, mers energic \u0219i organe s\u0103n\u0103toase. \u0218i nervii, de asemenea. Deoarece coloana protejeaz\u0103 m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii \u2013 o parte esen\u021bial\u0103 a sistemului nervos. Aceast\u0103 structur\u0103 unic\u0103 de inginerie \u00eendepline\u0219te o serie larg\u0103 de func\u021bii \u0219i suport\u0103 diferite tipuri de sarcini. 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